報(bào) 告 人：Charles R. Marshall 教授
報(bào)告題目：Five paleobiological laws needed to understand the evolution of the living biota.
報(bào)告時(shí)間：2023年11月16日（星期四），上午9:30-10:30
報(bào)告地點(diǎn)：分析測(cè)試中心300會(huì)議
主辦單位：生命科學(xué)學(xué)院、江蘇省系統(tǒng)發(fā)育與比較基因組學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、江蘇省基因組學(xué)國(guó)際聯(lián)合研究中心、江蘇師范大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)研究院、江蘇師范大學(xué)國(guó)際合作與交流處
報(bào)告人簡(jiǎn)介：
Charles R. Marshall，美國(guó)加州科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)、加州大學(xué)伯克利分校生物學(xué)系終身講席教授、加州大學(xué)伯克利分校自然歷史博物館館長(zhǎng)、加州大學(xué)伯克利分校古生物博物館館長(zhǎng)、國(guó)際頂級(jí)學(xué)術(shù)期刊SCIENCE雜志編委。主要研究方向?yàn)閼?yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)建模與計(jì)算機(jī)模擬分析，結(jié)合現(xiàn)代生物與古生物數(shù)據(jù)，研究地球生物多樣性的起源與演化。在Science、Nature、PNAS等國(guó)際頂級(jí)學(xué)術(shù)期刊發(fā)表研究論文30余篇。Marshall教授的研究成果為人類了解生物多樣性的形成與演化、物種的出現(xiàn)與滅絕與氣候環(huán)境變化的關(guān)系、地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變遷等重大科學(xué)問題做出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)。
報(bào)告摘要：
The foundations of several disciplines can be expressed as simple quantitative laws, for example, Newton’s laws or the laws of thermodynamics. Here I present five laws derived from fossil data that describe the relationships among species extinction and longevity, species richness, origination rates, extinction rates and diversification. These statements of our palaeobiological knowledge constitute a dimension largely hidden from view when studying the living biota, but are nonetheless crucial to the study of evolution and ecology even for groups with poor or non-existent fossil records. These laws encapsulate: the critical fact of extinction; that species are typically geologically short-lived, and thus that the number of extinct species typically dwarfs the number of living species; that extinction and origination rates typically have similar magnitudes; and, that significant extinction makes it difficult to infer much about a clade’s early history or its current diversity dynamics from the living biota alone. Although important strides are being made to integrate these core palaeontological findings into our analysis of the living biota, this knowledge needs to be incorporated more widely if we are to understand their evolutionary dynamics.